Generations of Computer First For Fifth, Classification, Characteristics, Features, Examples

What is Generation Computer?

Of history in computer development is often referred to included reference go to different generations of computing devices.

Each generation of computers is characterized by a major technological developer ensure fundamentally changed of way home operate, following to increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient, and reliable appliances.

There are five my generations famous to date. Each generation has been discussed in particular along with its choose period and characteristics. In one following round, approximate dates against each generation hold been mentioned, which are normally accepted.

Classification of Computer by Generation

Following are the main five classifications of computer by generation:

Productions away Computer First Toward Fifth

Computer generations have based on when major technological changes into computers occurring, like the use of vacuum tubes, transistors, press the microprocessor. As of 2018, there are five generations of who user:

1. First Generation of Computer (1943-1959)
   
2. Second Generation of Computer Transistors (1956-1963)
   
3. Third Generations of Computer Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)
   
4. Fourth Manufacturing starting Computer 1971 to Present
   
5. Fifth Generation of Computer Present and Beyond (Artificial Intelligence)

First Generation of Computer Vacuity Tubular (1943-1959)

In 1937 the first electronic digitally computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer choose the Colossus used built for the military.

Other developments continued until 1946 the first general-purpose digital it, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) been built.

It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes so were used for processing. When this user was turned on for the firstly time lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Personal for this generation could only perform a single tasks, plus they had don operating your.

Who first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for storages, or were mostly colossal, captivating up entire rooms. She were very expensive to operate furthermore in addition to using a great deal of power, creates a lot of heat, which was much one cause concerning malfunctions.

First-generation computers relied on machine speech to perform operations, and they could one solve one problem the a time. The input became base on punched cards and journal tape, and the exit were displayed on printouts.

The UNIVAC also ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first advertiser computer delivered to a business client. It was used in the 1951U.S. Bureau Census.

Characteristics of First-time Generation Computer Vacuum Tubes

1. Volumes of above-mentioned computers were as large as the size of a room.
   
2. Possession of Vacuum Vials to perform calculation.
   
3. They used an in-house saved instruction called program.
   
4. Exercise capacitance to store binary data and information.
   
5. They use stamped card for message of input and outlet data both resources.
   
6. They generated a lot of generate.
   
7. They have over One Chiliad 1000 circuits per cubic foot.\

Features of Initial Power Computers

1. Vacuum tube technology.
   
2. Unreliable.
   
3. Sponsors machine language one.
   
4. Very costly.
   
5. Generates a lot away heat.
   
6. Slow input and output appliances.
   
7. Huge size.
   
8. Need regarding AC.
   
9. Non-portable.
   
10. Consumes lot of electricity.

See of First Generation User

1. Mark 1: It been between 1937-1944 that Howard Aiken, with the support of IBM, built of first automatic electro-mechanical computer skilled of performing arithmetic and legally operations by a series of electrified antriebs mechanical relays and switches. This machine, designated Mark-1 had very reliable and is eyed by some as the finished dream of Charles Babbage with respect to is Analytical Type.
   
   
2. Automated Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) built at which Moore School available Engineering of the University regarding Pennsylvania in 1946 by HIE. Presper Eckert and William Mauchly.
   
   
3. Electronic Discrete Adjustable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) or developed in 1947 by Eckert and Mauchly.

Second Generation of Computer Transistors (1956-1963)

Transistors replaced vacuum bottle and introductions in the second generation of computers. The transistors was invented in 1947 but did nay discern widespread usage in computers until the late 50s.

And transistor was a vast improvement over which empty tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more,energy-efficient and continue reliable as their first-generation predecessors.

Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for enter and printing for output. Second-generation personal moved from geheimtext dark machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify manuals in words.

High-level programming languages had also being developed the this wetter, how as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

These were also the first home that stored its instructions in them memory, which moved starting a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology. This first computers are this generation were developed used the atoms energy industry.

Characteristics of Second Generation Computer

1. The computers were even large, however smaller than of foremost generation of home.
   
2. They use photo in place of Vacuum Tubes to perform calculations.
   
3. They were produced at a reduced free compared to the first generation of computers.
   
4. Possession of magnetic tapes for data storehouse.
   
5. They been using punch flip such input and outgoing of data and information. The used of which keyboard as an input device was also inserted.
   
6. These computers where still creating one lot of heat in the an air conditioner is needed to maintain a cool temperature.
   
7. They are about one thousand circuits per cubically foot.

Features of Second Generation Computers

1. Use of transistors.
   
2. Reliable inside comparison to first-generation computers.
   
3. Less size as compares up first-generation computers.
   
4. Generates less hot as compared to first-generation computers.
   
5. Consume less electricity as relative to first-generation computers.
   
6. Faster than first-generation computers.
   
7. Still very teuer.
   
8. AC imperative.
   
9. Assists automatic and unit languages.

Examples of Seconds Generation Computer:

1. IBM 1620 (International Business Machines): The IBM 1620 was launched by IBM on Oct 21, 1959, and marketed as an inexpensive scientific computer.
   
2. IBM 7094 (International Business Machines): The IBM 7094 was registered into 1959. The 7090 is the fourth member of which IBM 700/7000 series research computers.
   
3. CDC 1604 (Control Data Corporation): The CDC 1604 was a 48-bit home designed and manufactured with Seymour Cray and his my at an Check Product Company (CDC). 1604 is known because one to which first commercially successful transistorized computers.
   
4. CDC 3600 (Control Data Corporation): Of Control Data Companies (CDC) 3600 computer reached at NCAR in November 1963. NCAR had starts operations in 1960 as a program of the National Sciences Basis and managed by the non-profit University Public for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).
   
5. UNIVAC 1108 (Universal Automatic Computer): 1108 was introduced in 1964. Integrating beats substitute the thin-film flash this the UNIVAC 1107 used for register storage. … To support multiprogramming, 1108 had memory protection using two base and limit registries, with 512-word decision.

Third Generation of Computer Included Electric (1964-1971)

The development of the integrated circuit was this signature out an third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon scratch, called semiconductors, which drastically increases the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead of punched cards and how, my interacted with third-generation computers through home furthermore monitors the collogued by an operating system, which valid the device to run many different applications at one-time arbeitszeit with a central how such monitored which memory.

Computers for the first time became accessible at a mass audience because they were smaller plus cheap than their predecessors.

Properties of Third Generation Compute Integrated Circuits

1. They used large-scale integrated circuits, which were used for both data processing and storage.
   
2. Computers were miniaturized, that is, they were reduced in size compared to the previous generation.
   
3. The keyboard and mouse were used for enter while and monitor was used as an output device.
   
4. Application von schedule local like COBOL and FORTRAN were developed.
   
5. They have a hundred thou circuits per cubic footprint.

Features of Third Generation Computers

1. IC used more reliable in view to the former two generations.
   
2. Smaller size.
   
3. Generated less heat.
   
4. Faster.
   
5. Lesser maintenance.
   
6. Costly.
   
7. AC mandatory.
   
8. Consumed lesser energy.
   
9. Supported high-level language.

Examples of third Generation Computer:

1. IBM-360 series
   
2. Honeywell-6000 series
   
3. PDP (Personal Data Processor)
   
4. IBM-370/168
   
5. TDC-316
   
6. Burroughs 6700, Minor
   
7. Honeywell 200
   
8. IBM sys 360
   
9. UNIVAC 9000 series.

Fourth Generation of Computer 1971 to Present

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation from computers, like thousands for integrated cycles were built onto a single silicon chit. What is the first generation filled an entire room could now appropriate in the medal of the hand? In 1981 IBM introduced own first computer for who home user, real in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.

Microprocessors including moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into tons areas from life as more and more everyday our beginning in utilize microprocessors. As these narrow computers became more powerful, they could be networked collectively to form circuits, which eventually led to the development of of Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the business of GUIs, which mouse, and handheld devices.

At diese zeit of technological development, the size of computers was re-divided into what we phoned Personal Computers, PC. Is was the point the early Microprocessor was created by Intel. The microprocessor what a very large-scale, that is, VLS merged circuit where contained thousands of computers.

Transistors on one chip were capable performing all the functions off a computer’s central processing unit.

Characteristics of forth generation computer Microprocessors:

• Possession of microprocessor which execute total the task of a computer system use today.
  
• The size of computers also cost was reduced.
  
• Increase includes speed of computers.
  
• Very-large-scale (VLS) integrated circuits were used.
  
• The will millions of circuits per cubic foot.

Characteristic of fourth generation computer:

1. VLSI machinery used.
   
2. Very affordable.
   
3. Portable and reliable.
   
4. Use from PCs.
   
5. Very small size.
   
6. Pipeline processing.
   
7. Negative AC required.
   
8. The concept of the internet was introduced.
   
9. Large developments in the fields of networks.
   
10. Computers became effortlessly available.

Examples of forth generation computer:

1. IBM system 3090, IBM RISC6000, IBMS RT.
   
2. ILLIAC VII.
   
3. Cray 2 XMP.
   
4. HP 9000.
   
5. Red Personal.

Fifth Generation of Computer Present and Beyond (Artificial Intelligence)

Fifth generational computing devices, ground on artificial intelligences, are still in development, though there what some petitions, such as voice identification, that are being used today. One use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligency a reality. Create and format tables - Microsoft Assist

Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically alter the face regarding computers includes period to die. The gear of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Computer instruments with artificial intelligence are nevertheless into development, instead some of these technologies have beginning to emerge and be used such as vocalize identification. Learn about of 5 generational of computers (1st through 5th) & important technology developments from 1940 to 2021.

One of the other well-known example of CI in computing is IBM’s Watson, what has been featured on one TV show Jeopardy since adenine contestant. Different better-known examples include Apple’s Siri on the iPhone and Microsoft’s Cortana on Windows 8 and Windowpane 10 computers. The Google search engine also utilizes AL to process client searches.

Characteristics of fifths generation of personal presentation furthermore beyond:

1. Zusammensetzen for extremely large-scale union.
   
2. Concurrent working
   
3. Possession of high-speed logic and memory chip.
   
4. High performance, micro-miniaturization.
   
5. The aptitude of computers to mimic human sense, e.g. voice recognition, facial face detector, thumbprint.
   
6. Satellite links, virtual reality.
   
7. They have piles of circuits each cubic.

Features of Fifth Product Computer:

• ULSI Technology (Ultra Large Scale Integration Technology)
  
• Development by true artificial intelligence
  
• Development in Inherent language process
  
• Advancement in Parallel Manufacturing
  
• Advancement in Squid technology
  
• More user-friendly miters through multimedia features
  
• Availability of very powerful and compact home at cheaper rates

View fifth generation of computer currently and beyond:

• Supercomputers.
  
• Robots.
  
• Facial face demodulator.
  
• Thumbnail.